First of all, a topic to determine the questionnaire. Then extend the questions about the topic according to the topic. Finally, organize the questionnaire reasonably.
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How to design a questionnaire?
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To design a questionnaire, we should first determine the data that the questionnaire wants to survey.After clarifying the subject of the questionnaire, set relevant questions according to the content,when setting up problems, we should also pay attention to many factors.Finally, we must test the questionnaire to find the problems in the questionnaire.
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1.know your target audience,and provide respondents with the information they will need in order to effectively comly with the survey.
2.Identify the goal of your questionnaire.
3.Determine the type or types of questions your survey will use.
4.Decide on a method of administration.
5.Design questions according to your delivery method and word them effectively.
6.Organize the questionnaire in a logical way
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#1: Identify your research aims and the goal of your questionnaire
What kind of information do you want to gather with your questionnaire? What is your main objective?
Ideally, there are already existing questionnaires with published results on the validity and statistical evaluation of all tested questions that you can use (or borrow a couple of ideas from).
While this is quite common in academic research, it might be rather hard to reuse existing questionnaires for commercial applications. In this case, you might have to scan papers and internal reports for key metrics of interest and create a questionnaire that specifically addresses these aspects.
#2: Define your target respondents
Clearly, you can’t test everyone – it’s rather plausible that there have to be certain restrictions with respect to the target audience of your questionnaire. The selection of groups is a key factor for maximizing the outcomes of your study.
To put it another way: You can run multiple questionnaire sessions over a longer period of time with a single group (longitudinal design), or you can present your questionnaire once to two or more groups (cross-sectional design).
While the former allows you to analyze how the questionnaire results of the group change over time, the latter delivers insights into differences among groups.
#3: Develop questions
Smart questions are the cornerstone of every questionnaire. To make them work, they have to be phrased in a way that prevents any misunderstandings or ambiguities.
Quite frankly, it’s a lost cause trying to analyze data from a questionnaire where people have mixed things up, selected incorrect answers or haven’t been able to read or understand the questions at all.
It makes a significant difference whether you want to hand a questionnaire to children, adults, or maybe even elderly respondents. It’s important to consider the cognitive, attentional, and sensory competencies of your target group – handing out long questionnaires with a huge amount of questions in small letter print and complicated phrasing might be information (and visual) overload for any respondent group.
Additionally, remember to avoid jargon or technical language – the text needs to be fully understood by anyone completing the questionnaire.
#4: Choose your question type
There’s a wide variety in how to phrase questions. In explorative questionnaires, you will find mainly open questions, where respondents can fill in any answer (this makes sense whenever you try to gain an understanding of the topics associated with your research question).
By contrast, quantitative questionnaires primarily include closed-questions, which have been predefined by the researcher either in form of multiple choice answers or rating scales (such as the Likert scale).
Here’s one example:
Open question:
“What did you like about the webinar?”
Closed question:
“The webinar was useful.”
[ ] Strongly agree
[ ] Agree
[ ] Cannot decide
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Strongly disagree
As is usually the case, both types of questions have benefits and drawbacks that are worth considering in order to come up with a solid questionnaire design that does the trick for you.
Besides open and closed-format questions, there are several other types of questions that you can use in your questionnaire.
#5: Design question sequence and overall layout
After optimizing each question separately it is time to improve the overall flow and layout of the questionnaire.
Are there transitions from one question to the next? Are follow-up questions placed correctly? Are skip-rules implemented (if needed) so that respondents can skip questions that do not apply to them?
#6: Run a pilot
This stage is crucial for evaluation and optimization purposes. Any questionnaire should be handed to a representative sample of your target audience before you push it to the masses.
During piloting, you can identify issues in readability and understanding, in phrasing and overall arrangement. Pilot respondents should be monitored and interviewed closely.
You certainly want to avoid any inappropriate or problematic questions. Also, keep in mind to evaluate your pilot data statistically to make sure that the analytic procedures of interest truly can be applied to the data.
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First, write the purpose of your research at the beginning of the questionnire. Second, analyze what needs to be invenstigated to achieve your research aim based on the purpose of the invenstigation. Third, you should think about some questions what you want to ask. Last, you should determine the types of questions, like single choice, multiple choice or fill in the bianks.
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1.Selection of questions: the selected questions must conform to the objective reality and must focus on the purpose of the investigation.
2.Problems should be arranged from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep.
3.The expression of the problem should be simple,popular and neutral.
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First, sate the purpose of your research at the beginning of the questionnire. Second, analyze what needs to be invenstigated to achieve your research aim based on the purpose of the invenstigation. Third, you should think about some questions what you want to ask. Fouth, you should determine the types of questions, like single choice, multiple choice or fill in the bianks.
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First of all, according to their own survey content to determine the types of questionnaires that need to be designed. Secondly, to determine the problems according to the data you need to collect. Finally, design the layout of the questionnaire, the order of the questions, check and streamline the questionnaire.
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