A research report is objective, it need to do a research and gather date to argument your hypothesis, or you need to search many relevant date to analy and then get your conclusion. An argumentation just give you argument to support your thesis, it's subjective.
To writie a research report, we need to do some researches to find the evidences to support what we want to discuss. But writing a general argumentation usually isn't in the same way.
In my view, the different betwee research reports and general argumentation lies in their supporting arguments.Research raports needs to have authentic research data,while general argumentation only needs to be able to convince others.
I think the main purpose of writing a survey report is to let readers understand the content and results of their own survey. When writing a survey report, you need to use simple and clear sentences, sometimes with charts to facilitate the reader's understanding. But writing a general argument does not need to pay attention to these problems.
To writie a research report, we need to do some researches to find the evidences to support what we want to discuss. But writing a general argumentation usually isn't in the same way. When writing a report,you need to use more standard language and sentences.
In my opinion,the purpose of the general argumentation is to present the author's scientific views,the research report is in order to report the findings.
I think the biggest difference between research reports and general argumentation is that the former is more formal. Research reports have specific structure and language requirements, and require higher accuracy of data.
I think that a formal report needs a lot of pre-preparation like existing academic materials and experiment data to support the report and make sure it can stand with tests. While there are no many limitations about the general argument which could be more random to deal.
In my opinion, the research report has higher requirements on the author, and the research content needs to be expressed in a prescribed format. Generally, the research report is longer and more professional than the general argumentation articles.
The research paper needs us to do the experiment, needs the concrete data then draws the conclusion, the general argument revolves around the topic dialectical.