The historical background of the poem "The Flea" mainly has the following characteristics:
1. In terms of social thought:
• The influence and transformation of religious thought: At that time, Britain was in the turbulent period of the Reformation. Religion has extremely strict norms and constraints on people's thoughts and behaviours. Against this background, people's concepts of morality, ethics and sex are deeply influenced by religious doctrines. In the traditional concept, premarital sex is regarded as immoral and guilty behaviour, and chastity is highly valued. However, with the advancement of the Reformation, some new ideas and concepts have gradually emerged, and people's understanding and acceptance of religious doctrines are also changing, which provides a certain ideological basis for the challenge of the traditional concept of chastity in poetry.
• The rise of humanistic thought: The humanistic thought brought about by the Renaissance has had a profound impact on British society. Humanism emphasises human value and dignity, and advocates that people pursue happiness and joy in this world. The spread of this kind of ideology has made people begin to pay more attention to personal emotions and desires, and the attitude towards love and sex has gradually become more open and inclusive. The poet's bold pursuit of love and resistance to traditional concepts in The Flea reflect the influence of humanistic thought to a certain extent.
2. In terms of literary development:
• The rise of metaphysical poetry: During this period, metaphysical poetry gradually rose in British literature. Metaphysical poets are good at using strange images, novel metaphors and complex logical reasoning to express emotions and thoughts. Their poetic style is different from traditional lyrical poetry, and they pay more attention to the depth of thinking and the uniqueness of expression. As a representative figure of metaphysical poetry, John Dunn's creative style is deeply influenced by this literary trend. In The Flea, he uses fleas as a medium to link seemingly insignificant fleas with human love and life. This unique idea and whimsical idea are the typical features of metaphysical poetry.
3. In terms of social class:
• Class differences and contradictions: There are obvious class differences in British society, and there are constant contradictions and conflicts between the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie and the common people. Although John Dunn, who was born in an aristocratic family, had a high social status and a good educational background, he suffered setbacks in his career due to the religious beliefs of his family. This difference in social class and personal experience makes Dunn have a deep observation and reflection on social phenomena, and his poetry often reveals dissatisfaction and criticism of social reality. In The Flea, the poet's pursuit of love can also be regarded as a breakthrough and resistance to the traditional social class concept.
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