Unit Two The Production of Speech

王毅2班50037 • 2023-05-13

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.
Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).
Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.
Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.
Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.
Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
/k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.
Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.
Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.
Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.
Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

甘彩云1班50101 • 2023-05-17

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.
Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).
Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.
Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.
Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.
Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
/k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

收起

田雅楠3班50055 • 2023-06-20

These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include: Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position. Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

回复

我也要说

甘彩云1班50101 • 2023-05-17

These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.
Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.
Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.
Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.
Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

张蓝溪5班50085 • 2023-05-17

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include: Height; Frontness/BacknessLip; rounding; Laxness; and Diphthongs:

收起

段小露22级6班 • 2023-05-19

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include: Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/. Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/). Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/. Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/. Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/. Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

回复

我也要说

段小露22级6班 • 2023-05-19

English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).

/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).

/k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

段小露22级6班 • 2023-05-19

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

卫培馨6班50110 • 2023-05-20

The active articulators of the organs of speech include lips,tongue and soft palate.

卫培馨6班50110 • 2023-05-20

3. The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include height of the tongue, position of the togue, lip rounding and strength.

董逸然 • 2023-05-20

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

董逸然 • 2023-05-20

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

余欣滢5班50094 • 2023-05-20

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.
Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).
Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.
Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.
Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.
Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
/k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.
Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.
Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.
Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.
Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

余欣滢5班50094 • 2023-05-20

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.
Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).
Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.
Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.
Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.
Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
/k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).

These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.
Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.
Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.
Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.
Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

These basic requirements help describe the position and characteristics of English vowels, allowing for a systematic analysis and classification of vowel sounds in the language.

杨艺1班50004 • 2023-05-21

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.
Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).
Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.
Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.
Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.
Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.
2.
English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:
/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.
3.
The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:
Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.
Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.
Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.
Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.
Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

余潇5班50087 • 2023-05-21

The active articulators of the organs of speech refer to the parts of our vocal tract that actively move and interact to produce speech sounds. They include the following:

1. Lips: Our lips can come together or move apart to shape sounds such as "p," "b," and "m."

2. Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator that plays a crucial role in speech. It can move up, down, forward, or backward to create different sounds. For example, it helps form sounds like "t," "d," "n," "s," and "l."

3. Jaw: The jaw can open or close to produce variations in vowel sounds. It plays a role in shaping sounds like "a," "e," and "o."

4. Soft palate: The soft palate can be raised or lowered to control the airflow between the oral and nasal cavities. When the soft palate is raised, the air passes through the mouth, producing oral sounds. When the soft palate is lowered, the air can escape through the nose, resulting in nasal sounds like "m" and "n."

5. Vocal cords: The vocal cords, located in the larynx, can vibrate to create voiced sounds. They open and close, allowing or blocking the airflow through the larynx, producing sounds like "v," "z," and "g."

These active articulators work together, coordinating their movements to shape the airflow and produce the wide range of sounds found in human speech.

余潇5班50087 • 2023-05-21

Q2：English consonants are produced by various combinations of airflow, vocal cord vibration, and the articulatory movements of the active organs of speech. Let's take the consonant sound /p/ as an example.

The sound /p/ is a voiceless bilabial plosive. Here's how it is made:
- The lips are pressed together, blocking the airflow.
- The vocal cords do not vibrate because /p/ is voiceless.
- The airflow is temporarily stopped behind the closed lips, building up air pressure.
- The lips are then released suddenly, allowing the built-up air to be expelled with a brief burst, producing the /p/ sound.

余潇5班50087 • 2023-05-21

Q3 ：I think the basic requirements for describing English vowels involve considering three main aspects: tongue position, lip rounding, and tense quality.

刘培 • 2023-05-22

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.
Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).
Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.
Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.
Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.
Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

刘培 • 2023-05-22

2.English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

刘培 • 2023-05-22

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.
Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.
Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.
Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.
Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

陈豆豆2班50032 • 2023-05-22

Q1:The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.
Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).
Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.
Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.
Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.
Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

陈豆豆2班50032 • 2023-05-22

Q3:The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.
Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.
Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.
Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.
Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

李文6班50123 • 2023-05-25

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:

Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

2.

English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:

/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).

/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).

These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

3.

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:

Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

江琳一班50009 • 2023-05-29

1.The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:
Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

江琳一班50009 • 2023-05-29

These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.

The basic requirements for the description of English vowels include:
Height: Vowels can be described as high, mid, or low, based on the position of the tongue in the mouth. High vowels, like /i/ as in "see," are produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth. Low vowels, like /a/ as in "cat," are produced with the tongue in a low position.

Frontness/Backness: Vowels can also be described as front, central, or back, based on the position of the tongue in the horizontal plane. Front vowels, like /i/, are produced with the front of the tongue raised toward the front of the mouth. Back vowels, like /u/ as in "too," are produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth.

Lip rounding: Vowels can be rounded or unrounded, depending on the position of the lips. Rounded vowels, like /u/, involve rounding the lips, while unrounded vowels, like /i/, do not involve lip rounding.

Tenseness/Laxness: Vowels can be tense or lax. Tense vowels, like /i/ and /u/, are longer in duration and often occur in stressed syllables. Lax vowels, like /ɪ/ as in "sit" and /ʊ/ as in "book," are shorter in duration and often occur in unstressed syllables.

Diphthongs: English also has diphthongs, which are vowel sounds that consist of a combination of two different vowel qualities within a single syllable. Examples include /aɪ/ as in "ride" and /əʊ/ as in "go."

顾小莹 • 2023-05-29

The active articulators of the organs of speech are the parts of the vocal tract that are involved in actively producing speech sounds. These include:
Lips: The upper and lower lips play a role in producing sounds such as /p/, /b/, /m/, and /v/.

Tongue: The tongue is a versatile articulator and is involved in producing a wide range of sounds. It can be divided into different parts: the tip (used for sounds like /t/, /d/, and /l/), the blade (used for sounds like /ʃ/ and /ʒ/), the front (used for sounds like /θ/ and /ð/), and the back (used for sounds like /k/ and /g/).

Teeth: The teeth, particularly the upper teeth, can come into contact with the tongue to produce sounds like /θ/ and /ð/.

Alveolar Ridge: The alveolar ridge is a ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is involved in producing sounds like /s/, /z/, /n/, and /l/.

Hard Palate: The hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth, is involved in producing sounds like /j/ and /ʃ/.

Soft Palate (Velum): The soft palate, or velum, can be raised or lowered to control the airflow through the nasal cavity. When it is raised, airflow is directed through the oral cavity, producing non-nasal sounds. When it is lowered, airflow can pass through the nasal cavity, producing nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.

English consonants are made by obstructing or restricting the airflow through the vocal tract. The obstruction can occur at various points of articulation. For example:
/p/ is made by completely closing the lips and then releasing them to create a burst of air (bilabial stop).
/t/ is made by briefly stopping the airflow with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it (alveolar stop).
/k/ is made by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate to block the airflow and then releasing it (velar stop).
These are just a few examples, and English has a variety of consonant sounds made with different points and manners of articulation.